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A monolithic blockchain like Ethereum handles state execution, consensus and storing data, which makes it difficult to scale
Rollups can abstract state execution from the main chain, reducing the computational load on the Ethereum main chain
Zk rollups can also abstract the data from the main chain by utilizing Validium and external data availability committees
Data can also be compressed on-chain with data availability attestations, which is what Celestia is focused on
Ethereum would be able to leverage both rollups and data availability layers to become much more scalable than it currently is today
Footnotes
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