The limited scalability of Ethereum has led to rising transaction fees. Users often pay ~$50 for standard interactions with many popular smart contracts.
Scaling transaction throughput on blockchains is challenging because transactions must be processed by every node participating in consensus.
The most promising Layer 2 scaling solutions are ZK Rollups and Optimistic Rollups, which have been developed to address the weaknesses of previous Plasma implementations.
Footnotes
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